Oil burning device



Dec. 26, 1944. B. F. cAsTLE ETAL OIL BURNING DEVICE Filed -MarCh 16, 1942 Patented De.26,1944` `Ill., assignors to The Quincy Stove Manufacturing Company,..Quincy, Ill.,..a\corporation of Illi- Application March 16, {942,1seria1No'-434gs64 1 Claim. (01.158-91) FThis invention relates to improvementsin oil Aburning'devices and is in the nature of an improvement upon'the invention disclosedin our earlier filed application, Serial'No. 390,670,` filed `It has `for an objeci-l Ato providea device for burning `oil which is simple and economical 'of "manufacture and efficient and economical'in its operation. A particular object isv to provide for clean, eiiicientlow andintermediate res, the -low'iire ordinarily serving as apilot.

"Another kobject is to provide novel secondary or scavenging air delivery in combination with theiprimary` air and gas deliveries and combustion.

` Other objects will be set forth and made apparent in the following description.

"Inthe accompanying drawing, we have illustrated one `embodiment vof our invention. In Asuch drawing,

` Figylis a vertical section of such embodiment, ajportionthereof being shownin elevation; and

Fig.` Zis `an enlarged vertical section of 'an upper portionof the device,

ALike numerals refer to like elements throughoutthe drawing, in which I designates generally afuel-receivingbase, preferably constructed of highly conductive sheet metal or the like having ranannular channel or trough IUa formed there-l in andan underlying air chamber Ib. Oil supply ducts `I I extend upwardly through the chamber Iilb` for `delivery of` fuelfoil to the bottom oftheitrough'orchannel Illa. While we have illustrated two of 'these ducts diametricallygopposed, itzshould be recognized that the number may vary as desired for rapid distribution of oil supplied to the trough Ia. The base I is preferably" :annular in form and provided with va central air inletlc defined by the inner wall Illd of the base member IU. Extending upwardly vfrom this wall IIld is the inner sleeve I2 having spaced rows of apertures, and being 'suitably secured'to'the wall IIld, asby welding, brazing-or 'the like, and shown `as having abeaded connection at i211.` (see Fig. l). It is desirable'to have intimate Contact between'thesleeve I2 and the wall IUd for heat conduction 'as will'behereinafter pointed out.

Removably mounteduponthe sleeve I2 at the top `thereofis a cap I3 having depending flanges I"3a., `|'3h, `the latter of which 'nts snugly within and Yagainst the upper end of the sleeve .I2. The outer, ange I3ai`s located at theouter periphery ofthecapji. `lil'ormed integrally with the anges "I'Sarand AI'Sb'and'extending 'inwardly f theiat'- ter'is'a horizontal base flange |30 centrally aper-v tured at' |31'. Located above the Bange I3c1an`d entirely closing the upper end of the capis the closure portion |311A having -an enlarged rim portion I`3e near its outer periphery. At the juncture ofthe closure portion i3d and the-flange 13a is provided a row of peripheral, upwardly'- inclined, secondaryair ho-les Ii3f andinw-ardly thereof and extendingthroughthe rim portion ISaisa second lconcentric row of secondary-air holes I 3g.

suitably securedv to and carried by the iian'ge I3c is a depending, cylindrical partition member I5, `iiangedat lthe top for attachmentlto the `iiange. I3c, This partition member terminates'at itsllowerend shortof thebo-ttom of the sleeve I2 v andserves as a duct for the flow of the so called secondary air `to the Iapertures I`3fand I`3g. The partition I5' is spaced inwardly of and coaxialwith the sleeve I2 so that anfannular :duct is provided between I2 and I5 forthe 'flow ofthe so-called'primary air. I

`Located outwardly of and `spaced from the sleeve I2 is a, co-aXial shell I6, i'ltting :snugly withinand secured to the inner face'of the flange vIlia from which it depends. This ishell is also provi'dedwith rows of spaced apertures, each be ingf in alignment witha` corresponding aperture in the sleeve I2 but larger in diameteras illustratecl in the drawing. At its lower end, the `shell I 6 is provided with an outwardly -directed `flange Ia," overlying and .spaced from the bottomv tivelycompacted for introduction of secondary or scavenging air thereinto from the apertures I'3J, I3g as will be readily understood.`

Surrounding and spaced from the casing IB, is the jacketfmember I9, forming with the 'casing I8 an air jacket which is closed at the top by the plate 20 extending between members I`8 and I9.

Preferably secured to and supporting the base member f and jacket member I 9, is the `horijzontal base member ZIQterminating at its outer nperiphery` in a v'do'wrwv'ardly inclined flange 525e stove or heater in which our heating device may l be installed. The entire apparatus is supported on transverse base members 23 having feet or legs 24 of any suitable construction, these being arranged to permit unobstructed flow of air to and through the oil burning apparatus. Also it is to be noted that the jacket member I9 is provided with an outwardly directed flange I9a at the bottom which rests upon and is secured to the base plate 2l, whereby substantially hermetic sealing of the jacket formed by members I8, I9 and 20 is obtained.

In the operation of the apparatus, illustrated and described, we prefer to obtain immediate gasification of the fuel oil and to operate it as a dry bottom burner so that whether the device is operating with low re (i. e. a pilot fire) 0r intermediate fire or high fire, fuel oil admitted to the trough Illa will be almost immediately converted into gas in normal operation, i. e., after the burner has operated beyond the starting period. The flow of fuel to the trough IIla is automatically regulated by any suitable control, either manual or automatic, whereby the delivery of the fuel is regulated to obtain the char- .-f

acter of re desired as is well known in the art. So far as we can determine and as described in our earlier application identified above, if normal operation has been reached, air flowing into -the space between the partition I5 and the inner sleeve I2 ows outwardly through the apertures in the sleeve I2 into what constitutes a mixing chamber between the sleeve I2 and shell I6. Such air we describe for convenience as primary air and it would appear that it develops a velocity of ow which not only carries it into, but through the mixing chamber and jets outwardly through the apertures in the shell I6. In normal operation, as described, fuel oil flowing into the trough Ia is almost immediately gasified and the gas flows upwardly into the mixing chamber, we believe, because of the ejector or aspirating action of these air jets which mix with and aspirate the gas outwardly into the combustion chamber formed by the shell IB and the casing I8. It is to be noted that as stated above the apertures in shell I6 are materially larger than those in the sleeve I2 which contributes to the efficient aspiration of the gas and air mixture. It would further appear from observation of our device in operation that at low re, for example, the visible combustion occurs in the combustion chamber formed by the shell I6 and the casing I 8. The formation of thesleeve I2 and the casing I8 of sheet metal or other highly conductive material and their intimate securement to the walls of the trough IIla, result in the rapid transmission of heat by conduction to the trough Illa to effect a rapid and eilicient gasification of the fuel oil.

The flange IIia serves to confine or obstruct this gas against direct flow upwardly into the combustion chamber and thereby contributes to the flow of the expanding gas into themixing chamber and it will be'apparent that any gas flowing into the mixing chamber will be automatically picked up and aspirated no matter how high it may rise in that mixing chamber.

With an increase in the supply of oil to the trough Illa, the intermediate re may be obtained because of the generation of a greater volume of oil-gas and the air jets are always functioning to pick up and aspirate as well as to mix with this oil-gas at any level in the mixing chamber. With the delivery of oil in effective quantity to support a high fire and possibly at low and intermediate fires, a certain amount of unburned gas may flow entirely through the combustion chamber into the upper end thereofin which event the so-called secondary or scavenging air flowing through the air holes I3f, I3g would be directed into it and insure its final combustion and at the same time impart an outward and upward movement to any gases flowing out of such combustion chamber.V

It may be possible in some instances that during operation of our burner, hydroxylated gas is formed and flows into the combustion chamber between the shell I6 and the casing I8 in which event this gas will be consumed with visible combustion when it encounters the air flowing through the'apertures I3f, I3g. In short, such air functions as a scavenging medium to effect or complete combustion of any unburned fuel mixture or combination flowing upwardly out of the combustion chamber and thereby contributes to the efficiency of operation as well as to the cleanness thereof.

The base flange |30 of the cap I3 serves as a closure for the top of the mixing chamber and also for the primary air space between the apertured inner sleeve I2 and the partition I5, thereby insuring first that all primary air from said space will flow through the apertures in the sleeve I2 and second, that all of the admixed or hydroxylated gases will flow from the mixing chamber into the combustion chamber. Likewise the base flange I Sc in conjunction with the partition I5 demarks the secondary or scavenging air from the primary air and insures its flow through the cap I3 and out of the apertures I3f, I3g.

yIn the embodiment shown, partial disassembly is readily effected by lifting the cap member I3 which carries with it the partition I5 and shell I6 without disturbing the other elements of the apparatus.

By providing the air chamber I0b, the bottom of the trough Illa is insulated to reduce dissipation of heat downwardly therefrom, which protection contributes to the rapidity of the gasification of oil fed thereinto.

The jacket formed by member I9 and the casing I8 serves in part to prevent radiation of heat outwardly from the combustion chamber at the lower and intermediate parts thereof which is desirable particularly at loW or pilot re when it is desirable to maintain in the trough, a suitable temperature for rapid gasification of the fuel oil. In such case and in all operation, of course, the hot gases ilow upwardly into the main heating chamber and are utilized.

As illustrative of one embodiment of our invention, we have constructed and operated a device having the following dimensions: y

The distance from the base plate 2I to the top of the casing I8, approximately l0 inches with the diameter of the casing I8 approximately 8 inches; the shell I6, approximately 8 inches high and 6 inches in diameter with 126 holes inch in diameter; the height of the' wall IIId, approximately 3 inches; the height of the sleeve I2, approximately4 8 inches and its diameter 5 inches and i providedwith 126 No. 41 drill holes (.096 inch diameter); 60 holes 13j, .096 inch in diameter; 60 holes l3g, .096 inch in diameter.

It should befnoted that variation in the dimensions and details may be readily made in order to vary the capacity .of the burner and We are merely citing such specifications as one concrete embodiment of our invention.

It will also be apparent that the device as described and illustrated may be modified without departing from the scope of our invention as dened in the appended claim.

What we claim is: y

In a device of the class described, an annular base member, said member being provided with to, a perforated sleeve extending upwardly from said trough, a perforated shell surrounding and spaced from said sleeve, the perforations in said shell and sleeve being in alignment, means forme ing a combustion chamber for oil-air gases flowing from said shell, said base member being centrally apertured for ow of air for combustion to the perforations in said sleeve and shell, a cap member mounted upon said sleeve and provided with a base flange extending across and between said shell land sleeve at the top thereof, said cap being apertured for flow of air from said central aperture into gases flowing upwardly through said combustion chamber and a partition member extending downwardly from said cap and forming a conduit between the aperture in said basemember and the aperture in said cap.

' BOYD F. CASTLE.

WILLIAM W. WODELL. 

